Unit 1
Education
and Humanity
"The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is
sweet." — Aristotle
Reading
Education
First
Before you read
a. Who are these people?
b. What are they known for? How did education contribute to their
success in life? Discuss with a partner.
c. What do you think the text is about?
Now read the speech by Malala delivered at the United Nations Youth Assembly on 12 July 2013.
Today, it is an honour for me to be speaking again after a long
time. Being here with such honourable people is a great moment in my life. I
don’t know where to begin my speech. I don’t know what people would be
expecting me to say. But first of all, thank you to God for whom we are all
equal, and thank you to every person who has prayed for my fast recovery and a
new life. I cannot believe how much love people have shown me. I have received
thousands of good-wish cards and gifts from all over the world. Thank you to
all of them. Thank you to the children whose innocent words encouraged me.
Thank you to my elders whose prayers strengthened me.
I would like to thank God for whom we are all equal and thank you
to every person who has prayed for my fast recovery and a new life. I cannot
believe how much love people have shown me. I have received thousands of
good-wish cards and gifts from all over the world. Thank you to all of them.
Thank you to the children whose innocent words encouraged me. Thank you to my
elders whose prayers strengthened me.
This is the legacy of change that I have inherited from
Muhammad—the prophet of mercy, Jesus Christ, and Lord Buddha. This is the
legacy I have received from Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, and Muhammad
Ali Jinnah. This is the philosophy of non-violence that I have learned from
Gandhi Jee, Bacha Khan, and Mother Teresa. And this is the forgiveness that I
have learned from my mother and father. This is what my soul is telling me: Be
peaceful and love everyone.
We realize the importance of light when we see darkness. We
realize the importance of our voice when we are silenced. In the same way, when
we were in Swat, the north of Pakistan, we realized the importance of pens and
books when we saw the guns.
The wise saying, The pen is mightier than the sword," was
true. The extremists are afraid of books and pens. The power of education
frightens them. They are afraid of women. The power of the voice of women
frightens them. And that is why they killed 14 innocent medical students in the
recent attack in Quetta. And that is why they killed many female teachers and
polio workers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA. That is why they are blasting
schools every day—because they were and they are afraid of change, afraid of
the equality that we will bring into our society.
I remember that there was a boy in our school who was asked by a
journalist, "Why are the Taliban against education?" He answered very
simply. By pointing to his book, he said, "A Talib doesn’t know what is
written inside this book." They think that God is a tiny, little
conservative being who would send girls to hell just because of going to
school. The terrorists are misusing the name of Islam and Pashtun society for
their own personal benefits. Pakistan is a peace-loving democratic
country.Pashtuns want education for their daughters and sons. And Islam is a
religion of peace, humanity, and brotherhood Islam says that it is not only each
child’s right to get education, but rather it is their duty and
responsibility.
Peace is necessary for education. In many parts of the world, wars
and conflicts stop children from going to their schools. We are really tired of
these wars. Women and children are suffering in many parts of the world in many
ways. Young girls have to do domestic child labor and are forced to get married
at an early age. Poverty, ignorance, injustice, racism, and the deprivation of
basic rights are the main problems faced by both men and women.
Today, I am focusing on women’s rights and girls’ education
because they are suffering the most. There was a time when women social
activists asked men to stand up for their rights. But this time, we will do it
by ourselves. I am not telling men to step away from speaking for women’s
rights; rather, I am focusing on women being independent to fight for
themselves.
Now it’s time to speak up.
So today, we call upon the world leaders to change their strategic
policies in favor of peace and prosperity.
We call upon the world leaders that all peace deals must protect
women and children’s rights. A deal that goes against the dignity of women and
their rights is unacceptable.
We call upon all governments to ensure free compulsory education
for every child all over the world.
We call upon all governments to fight against terrorism and
violence, to protect children from brutality and harm.
We call upon the developed nations to support the expansion of
educational opportunities for girls in the developing world.
We call upon all communities to be tolerant—to reject prejudice
based on caste, creed, sect, religion, or gender. To ensure freedom and
equality for women so that they can flourish. We cannot all succeed when half
of us are held back.
We call upon our sisters around the world to be brave—to embrace
the strength within themselves and realize their full potential.
We want schools and education for every child’s bright future. We
will continue our journey to our destination of peace and education for
everyone. No one can stop us. We will speak for our rights, and we will bring
change through our voice. We must believe in the power and the strength of our
words. Our words can change the world.
Because we are all together, united for the cause of education.
And if we want to achieve our goal, then let us empower ourselves with the
weapon of knowledge and let us shield ourselves with unity and
togetherness.
We must not forget that millions of people are suffering from
poverty, injustice, and ignorance. We must not forget that millions of children
are out of schools. We must not forget that our sisters and brothers are
waiting for a bright, peaceful future.
So let us wage a global struggle against illiteracy, poverty, and
terrorism—and let us pick up our books and pens. They are our most powerful
weapons.
One child, one teacher, one pen, and one book can change the
world.
Education is the only solution. Education first
—Malala
Yousafzai
मलाला युसुफजाईको संयुक्त राष्ट्र युवा सभामा दिइएको भाषण (१२ जुलाई
२०१३)
आज, लामो समयपछि फेरि बोल्न पाउँदा मलाई ठूलो गौरव भइरहेको छ। यस्ता
सम्माननीय व्यक्तिहरूसँग यहाँ हुनु मेरो जीवनको ठूलो क्षण हो। मैले आफ्नो भाषण
कहाँबाट सुरु गर्ने, मानिसहरूले मबाट के कुरा
अपेक्षा गर्नुहुन्छ भन्ने मलाई थाहा छैन। तर सर्वप्रथम, हामी सबैलाई बराबर बनाउने भगवानलाई धन्यवाद, र मेरो छिटो स्वास्थ्यलाभ र नयाँ जीवनको कामना गर्ने हरेक व्यक्तिलाई
ढुक्क छ। मानिसहरूले देखाएको यो प्रेमको अतिशयतालाई म विश्वास गर्न सकिरहेको छैन।
मैले संसारभरबाट हजारौं शुभकामना कार्ड र उपहारहरू प्राप्त गरेँ। ती सबैलाई
धन्यवाद। बालबालिकाहरूलाई धन्यवाद, जसको निष्कपट शब्दहरूले
मलाई प्रोत्साहित गर्यो। मेरा जेठ्याहरूलाई धन्यवाद, जसको प्रार्थनाले मलाई
बलियो बनायो।
हामी
सबैलाई बराबर बनाउने भगवानलाई धन्यवाद र मेरो छिटो स्वास्थ्यलाभको कामना गर्ने
हरेक व्यक्तिलाई ढुक्क छ। मानिसहरूले देखाएको यो प्रेमको अतिशयतालाई म विश्वास
गर्न सकिरहेको छैन। मैले संसारभरबाट हजारौं शुभकामना कार्ड र उपहारहरू प्राप्त
गरेँ। ती सबैलाई धन्यवाद। बालबालिकाहरूलाई धन्यवाद, जसको निष्कपट शब्दहरूले
मलाई प्रोत्साहित गर्यो। मेरा जेठ्याहरूलाई धन्यवाद, जसको प्रार्थनाले मलाई
बलियो बनायो।
यो
परिवर्तनको विरासत हो जुन मैले मुहम्मद—दयाका पैगम्बर, येशू ख्रीष्ट र भगवान बुद्ध बाट प्राप्त गरेँ। यो विरासत मैले मार्टिन
लुथर किङ, नेल्सन मन्डेला र मुहम्मद अली जिन्ना बाट पाएँ। यो अहिंसाको दर्शन हो
जुन मैले गान्धीजी, बाचा खान र मदर टेरेसा बाट
सिकेँ। र यो क्षमा हो जुन मैले आमा र बुबाबाट सिकेँ। मेरो आत्माले यही भनिरहेको छ:
शान्त रहनुहोस् र सबैलाई माया गर्नुहोस्।
हामीले
अँध्यारो देखेपछि प्रकाशको महत्त्व बुझ्छौं। हामी चुप लागेपछि आफ्नो आवाजको
महत्त्व बुझ्छौं। त्यस्तै गरी, पाकिस्तानको उत्तरी भाग स्वातमा
बन्दुकहरू देखेपछि हामीले कलम र किताबको महत्त्व बुझ्यौं।
यो
बुद्धिमत्तापूर्ण उखान सत्य थियो: "कलम तरबारभन्दा बलियो हुन्छ।"
चरमपन्थीहरू किताब र कलमबाट डराउँछन्। शिक्षाको शक्तिले तिनीहरूलाई त्रास दिन्छ।
तिनीहरू महिलाहरूबाट डराउँछन्। महिलाहरूको आवाजको शक्तिले तिनीहरूलाई डराउँछ। र
यही कारणले उनीहरूले भर्खरै क्वेटामा गरिएको आक्रमणमा १४ जना निर्दोष चिकित्सा विद्यार्थी
हत्या गरे। यही कारणले उनीहरूले खैबर पख्तूनख्वा र फाटामा धेरै महिला शिक्षक र
पोलियो कर्मी हत्या गरे। यही कारणले उनीहरू हरेक दिन विद्यालयहरू उडाइरहेका छन्—किनभने उनीहरू परिवर्तनबाट डराएका थिए र छन्, हामीले समाजमा ल्याउने समानताबाट डराएका छन्।
मलाई
सम्झना छ, हाम्रो विद्यालयमा एउटा केटा थियो जसलाई एक पत्रकारले सोधे, "तालिबान शिक्षा विरुद्ध किन छ?" उसले सरल उत्तर दियो।
आफ्नो किताबतिर औंल्याउँदै उसले भन्यो, "तालिबलाई यस किताबभित्र के
लेखिएको छ भन्ने थाहा छैन।" तिनीहरूले भगवानलाई एउटा सानो, संकीर्ण सोचको प्राणी मान्छन् जसले विद्यालय जाने भरमा केटीहरूलाई
नरकमा पठाउँछ। आतंकवादीहरूले आफ्नै व्यक्तिगत लाभका लागि इस्लाम र पख्तून समाजको
नाम दुरुपयोग गर्दैछन्। पाकिस्तान शान्तिप्रिय लोकतान्त्रिक देश हो। पख्तूनहरूले
आफ्नी छोरी र छोराहरूका लागि शिक्षा चाहन्छन्। र इस्लाम शान्ति, मानवता र भ्रातृत्वको धर्म हो। इस्लामले भन्छ कि शिक्षा पाउनु
प्रत्येक बच्चाको अधिकार मात्र होइन, बरु उनीहरूको कर्तव्य र
जिम्मेवारी हो।
शिक्षाका
लागि शान्ति आवश्यक छ। विश्वका धेरै भागहरूमा युद्ध र द्वन्द्वले बालबालिकाहरूलाई
विद्यालय जानबाट रोक्छ। हामी यी युद्धहरूबाट साँच्चै थाकेका छौं। महिला र
बालबालिकाहरू विश्वका धेरै ठाउँहरूमा विभिन्न तरिकाबाट पीडित भइरहेका छन्।
युवतीहरूले घरेलु बालश्रम गर्नुपर्छ र अल्प उमेरमै विवाह गर्न बाध्य हुन्छन्। गरिबी, अज्ञानता, अन्याय, जातिवाद र आधारभूत अधिकारहरूबाट वञ्चित हुनु पुरुष र महिला दुवैले
सामना गर्ने मुख्य समस्याहरू हुन्।
आज, म महिला अधिकार र बालिका शिक्षामा केन्द्रित गर्दैछु किनभने उनीहरू
सबैभन्दा बढी पीडित छन्। एउटा समय थियो जब महिला सामाजिक कार्यकर्ताहरूले पुरुषहरूलाई
उनीहरूको अधिकारको लागि खडा हुन आग्रह गर्थे। तर यो पटक, हामी आफैंले यो गर्नेछौं। म पुरुषहरूलाई महिला अधिकारको लागि
बोल्नबाट हटाउन भन्दैन, बरु महिलाहरू आफैं आफ्नो
लागि लड्न स्वतन्त्र बन्नुपर्छ भन्नेमा केन्द्रित गर्दैछु।
अब
बोल्ने समय आएको छ।
त्यसैले
आज, हामी विश्व नेताहरूलाई आह्वान गर्दछौं कि उनीहरूको रणनीतिक नीतिहरू
शान्ति र समृद्धिको पक्षमा परिवर्तन गरुन्।
हामी
विश्व नेताहरूलाई आह्वान गर्दछौं कि सबै शान्ति सम्झौताले महिला र बालबालिकाको
अधिकार संरक्षण गर्नुपर्छ। महिलाको गौरव र उनीहरूको अधिकार विरुद्धको सम्झौता
अस्वीकार्य छ।
हामी
सबै सरकारहरूलाई आह्वान गर्दछौं कि विश्वभरिका प्रत्येक बालबालिकालाई निःशुल्क
अनिवार्य शिक्षा सुनिश्चित गरुन्।
हामी
सरकारहरूलाई आह्वान गर्दछौं कि आतंकवाद र हिंसा विरुद्ध लड्नुहोस्, बालबालिकालाई निर्ममता र हानिबाट जोगाउनुहोस्।
हामी
विकसित राष्ट्रहरूलाई आह्वान गर्दछौं कि विकासशील विश्वमा बालिकाहरूका लागि
शैक्षिक अवसरहरू विस्तार गर्न सहयोग गरुन्।
हामी
सबै समुदायहरूलाई आह्वान गर्दछौं कि सहिष्णु बन्नुहोस्—जात, सम्प्रदाय, धर्म वा लिङ्ग आधारित पूर्वधारणालाई अस्वीकार गर्नुहोस्। महिलाहरूले
फस्टाउन सकून् भन्नका लागि स्वतन्त्रता र समानता सुनिश्चित गर्नुहोस्। आधा
जनसंख्या पछि पारिएको अवस्थामा हामी सबै सफल हुन सक्दैनौं।
हामी
विश्वभरिकी हाम्रा बहिनीहरूलाई आह्वान गर्दछौं कि साहसी बन्नुहोस्—आफूभित्रको शक्तिलाई आत्मसात गर्नुहोस् र आफ्नो पूर्ण क्षमता
बुझ्नुहोस्।
हामी
प्रत्येक बच्चाको उज्यालो भविष्यका लागि विद्यालय र शिक्षा चाहन्छौं। हामी सबैका
लागि शान्ति र शिक्षाको हाम्रो गन्तव्यतर्फको यात्रा जारी राख्नेछौं। कसैले
हामीलाई रोक्न सक्दैन। हामी आफ्नो अधिकारका लागि बोल्नेछौं र आफ्नो आवाज मार्फत
परिवर्तन ल्याउनेछौं। हामीले आफ्ना शब्दहरूको शक्ति र बलमा विश्वास गर्नुपर्छ। हाम्रा
शब्दहरूले संसार परिवर्तन गर्न सक्छन्।
किनभने
हामी सबै शिक्षाको उद्देश्यका लागि एकजुट छौं। र यदि हामी हाम्रो लक्ष्य हासिल
गर्न चाहन्छौं भने, आउनुहोस् हामी ज्ञानको
हतियारले आफूलाई सशक्त बनाऔँ र एकताले आफूलाई कवच प्रदान गरौं।
हामीले
यो नबिर्सौं कि लाखौं मानिसहरू गरिबी, अन्याय र अज्ञानताबाट पीडित
छन्। हामीले यो नबिर्सौं कि लाखौं बालबालिका विद्यालयबाहिर छन्। हामीले यो
नबिर्सौं कि हाम्रा दिदीबहिनी र दाजुभाइहरू उज्यालो, शान्तिपूर्ण भविष्यको
प्रतिक्षामा छन्।
त्यसैले
आउनुहोस्, निरक्षरता, गरिबी र आतंकवाद विरुद्ध
विश्वव्यापी संघर्ष सुरु गरौं—र आफ्ना किताब र कलमहरू
उठाऔं। तिनीहरू हाम्रा सबैभन्दा शक्तिशाली हतियार हुन्।
एक
बच्चा, एक शिक्षक, एक कलम र एक किताबले संसार
परिवर्तन गर्न सक्छ।
शिक्षा
नै एकमात्र समाधान हो। शिक्षा पहिले।
—मलाला युसुफजाई
Vocabulary:
- Achieve : Accomplish : प्राप्त
गर्नु
- Activists : Campaigners : कार्यकर्ता
- Afraid : Scared : डराएको
- Assembly : Gathering : सभा
- Attack : Violent act : आक्रमण
- Benefits : Advantages : लाभ
- Bitter : Having a sharp taste; unpleasant : कडा;
तीतो
- Blasting : Exploding : उडाउने
- Brotherhood : Fraternal unity : भ्रातृत्व
- Brutality : Cruelty : निर्ममता
- Caste : Social class : जात
- Compulsory : Mandatory : अनिवार्य
- Conservative : Traditionalist : रूढिवादी
- Conflicts : Disputes : द्वन्द्व
- Creed : Religious belief : धार्मिक
विश्वास
- Darkness : Absence of light : अँध्यारो
- Deals : Agreements : सम्झौता
- Deprivation : Denial of rights : वञ्चना
- Democratic : Relating to democracy : लोकतान्त्रिक
- Destination : Goal of a journey : गन्तव्य
- Dignity : Self-worth : गौरव
- Education : Process of learning : शिक्षा
- Embrace : Accept willingly : आत्मसात
गर्नु
- Embrace : Hold closely; accept : अपनाउनु
- Empower : Grant power : सशक्तिकरण
- Encouraged : Motivated : प्रोत्साहित
- Ensure : Make certain : सुनिश्चित
गर्नु
- Equality : State of being equal : समानता
- Expecting : Anticipating : अपेक्षा
- Expansion : Growth : विस्तार
- Extremists : Radical thinkers : चरमपन्थी
- Faced : Confronted : सामना
गरिएको
- Favor : Support : पक्षमा
- Fight : Combat : लड्नु
- Flourish : Thrive : फस्टाउनु
- Flourish : Thrive : फस्टाउनु
- Focusing : Concentrating : केन्द्रित
- Forced : Compelled : बाध्य
- Forgiveness : Pardoning : क्षमा
- Frighten : Scare : डराउनु
- Freedom : Liberty : स्वतन्त्रता
- Goal : Objective : लक्ष्य
- Global : Worldwide : विश्वव्यापी
- Hell : Place of punishment after death : नरक
- Humanity : Human beings collectively;
compassion : मानवता
- Ignorance : Lack of knowledge : अज्ञानता
- Illiteracy : Inability to read/write : निरक्षरता
- Importance : Significance : महत्त्व
- Independent : Self-reliant : स्वतन्त्र
- Inherited : Received from ancestors : पैतृक
- Inherit : Receive from ancestors : पाउनु
- Innocent : Not guilty : निर्दोष
- Injustice : Unfairness : अन्याय
- Journalist : News reporter : पत्रकार
- Journey : Travel : यात्रा
- Labor : Work
: श्रम
- Leaders : Rulers : नेताहरू
- Legacy : Something inherited : विरासत
- Medical : Relating to medicine : चिकित्सा
- Mercy : Compassion : दया
- Mightier : More powerful : बलियो
- Misusing : Using improperly : दुरुपयोग
- Moment : Very short time : क्षण
- Necessary : Essential : आवश्यक
- Non-violence : Peaceful resistance : अहिंसा
- Opportunities : Chances : अवसर
- Openness : Willingness to accept : खुलापन
- Pashtun : Ethnic group : पख्तून
- Peace-loving : Preferring peace : शान्तिप्रिय
- Personal : Private : व्यक्तिगत
- Philosophy : Study of knowledge/truth : दर्शन
- Policies : Plans of action : नीतिहरू
- Pointing : Indicating : औंल्याउँदै
- Potential : Latent ability : क्षमता
- Poverty : Extreme poorness : गरिबी
- Prejudice : Preconceived bias : पूर्वधारणा
- Prophet : Messenger of God : पैगम्बर
- Protect : Keep safe : संरक्षण
गर्नु
- Prosperity : Economic success : समृद्धि
- Racism : Discrimination by race : जातिवाद
- Realize : Understand clearly : बुझ्नु
- Reject : Refuse : अस्वीकार
गर्नु
- Religion : System of faith : धर्म
- Responsibility : Duty : जिम्मेवारी
- Rights : Entitlements : अधिकार
- Sect : Religious
group : सम्प्रदाय
- Shield : Protective barrier : ढाल
- Silenced : Made quiet : चुप
लगाइएको
- Solution : Answer to a problem : समाधान
- Speak up : Express opinion : बोल्नु
- Stand up : Rise to feet; defend : खडा
हुनु; बचाव गर्नु
- Step away : Withdraw : हट्नु
- Strategic : Relating to strategy : रणनीतिक
- Strength : Power : शक्ति
- Strengthened : Made stronger : बलियो
बनाइएको
- Struggle : Conflict : संघर्ष
- Suffering : Experiencing pain : पीडित
- Terrorists : Violence practitioners : आतंकवादी
- Tired : Needing rest : थाकेको
- Tiny : Very small : अत्यन्त
सानो
- Tolerance : Acceptance of differences : सहिष्णुता
- Unacceptable : Not acceptable : अस्वीकार्य
- Violence : Physical force : हिंसा
- Wage : Engage in (struggle) : सुरु
गर्नु
- Weapon : Tool for fighting : हतियार
- Wisdom : Knowledge : ज्ञान
Ways with words
A. Find the
words from the text which mean the following.
a. A messenger or representative, especially one on a diplomatic
mission
- Prophet
b. The state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect
- Dignity
c. Harm done to someone in response to harm
- Punishment
d. A person who holds extreme views in political or religious
matters
- Extremist
e. Sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes
of others
- Mercy
f. A person who is believed to speak for God
- Prophet
g. The study of the nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
- Philosophy
h. The use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage, or
destroy
- Violence
i. An unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or
things
- Prejudice
B. Match the words on the left with their opposite meanings on the
right.
a. honour = iv. disgrace
b. innocent = iii. guilty
c. brutality = i. kindness
d. forgiveness = v. punishment
e. illiteracy = ii. literacy
C. Using
dictionary Dictionary contains at least three forms of information about a
word:
pronunciation,
word class and meaning. Look at the following dictionary entry of the words
‘humanity’ and ‘humanize’ (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 9th edition):
humanity/hjuːˈmænəti/
noun
1 [U]
people in general: He was found guilty of crimes against humanity.
2 [U]
the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine: The
story was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus. united by a sense of common
humanity
3 [U]
the quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not
suffer more than is necessary; the quality of being humane: The judge was
praised for his courage and humanity. OPP inhumanity
4(the)
humanities [pl.] the subjects of study that are about the way people think
and behave, for example literature, language, history and philosophy: The
college offers a wide range of courses in the arts and humanities. humanize(BrE
also -ise) /ˈhjuːmənaɪz/ verb~sth to make sth more pleasant or suitable for
people; to make sth more HUMANE: These measures are intended to humanize the
prison system.
a. Study the dictionary entry and answer these questions.
i. What is the headword in the first entry?
- Humanity
ii. How many meanings of the word 'humanity' are given?
- 4 meanings
iii. What do the abbreviations U, OPP, pl, and sth stand for?
- U = Uncountable noun
- OPP = Opposite
- pl = Plural
- sth = Something
iv. What is the British English spelling of 'humanize'?
- Humanise (BrE also '-ise')
v. How is the word 'humanize' pronounced?
- /ˈhjuːmənaɪz/
vi. If we say "Every person should have the sense of
humanity," which meaning of 'humanity' is applied?
- Meaning 3: "The quality of being kind to
people and animals by making sure they do not suffer more than is
necessary."
b. Arrange the following
words in alphabetical order.
i. advance analysis amuse assure
allergy attain aid anxiety acute agreement
- acute, advance,
agreement, aid, allergy, amuse, analysis, anxiety, assure, attain
ii. smoke small smart speaking
smelling smoothly smuggler smashed smearing smallpox
- small, smallpox,
smart, smashed, smearing, smelling, smoke, smoothly, smuggler, speaking
iii. terminal terminate terminology
termite terms terrace terrible terribly territory terror
- terminal, terminate,
terminology, termite, terrace, terrible, terribly, territory, terror, terms
c. Make a list of five
new words from the reading text, write their meanings, and use them in
sentences.
1. Legacy (noun) –
Something handed down from the past.
- "Nelson
Mandela left a powerful legacy of peace and equality."
2. Non-violence (noun) –
The practice of avoiding physical force.
- "Gandhi
promoted non-violence as a way to achieve freedom."
3. Extremist (noun) – A
person with radical views.
- "The
government is fighting against extremist groups."
4. Prosperity (noun) –
Wealth and success.
- "Education
leads to the prosperity of a nation."
5. Tolerance (noun) –
Acceptance of different beliefs.
- "We
must teach children the value of tolerance."
Comprehension
Answer the following
questions.
a. Why did the speaker receive thousands of good-wish cards and
gifts from all over the world?
= Malala received thousands of good-wish cards and gifts because
people around the world were moved by her bravery after she survived an
assassination attempt by the Taliban for advocating girls' education. They
prayed for her recovery and showed their support and love.
b. According to the speaker, what are hundreds of human rights
activists and social workers struggling for?
= They are struggling for justice, peace, and equality—fighting
against terrorism, violence, and oppression to ensure basic rights for all,
especially education for children.
c. What has she learnt from Gandhi?
= Malala has learned the philosophy of non-violence from Gandhi.
She believes in peaceful resistance and change without using force.
d. In what sense is peace necessary for education?
= Peace is necessary for education because wars and conflicts
prevent children from going to school. Without stability, schools are
destroyed, teachers are attacked, and fear stops learning.
e. According to the speaker, what are the main problems faced by
both men and women?
= The main problems are:
- Poverty
- Ignorance (lack of education)
- Injustice
- Racism
- Deprivation of basic rights
f. What is Malala calling upon all governments?
= She demands that governments:
- Ensure free, compulsory education for every child.
- Fight terrorism and violence to protect children.
- Support girls' education in developing nations.
- Reject discrimination based on gender, religion, or caste.
g. What is the main message of this speech?
= The main message is: Education is the most powerful weapon to
fight poverty, terrorism, and injustice. Malala urges global unity to ensure
every child—especially girls—gets an education, as it is the key to peace,
equality, and a better future.
Critical Thinking
a. All children have the right to
quality education. How can we ensure this right to every child? Discuss the
role of the government and the parents to make sure that every child can attend
school.
= Ensuring
Quality Education for Every Child
To guarantee every child's right to education, both governments
and parents must work together:
- Government's Role:
- Build more schools, especially in rural areas
- Train and adequately pay teachers
- Provide free education and necessary materials
- Enforce compulsory education laws
- Offer scholarships for underprivileged children
- Parents' Role:
- Prioritize education over child labor
- Support children's learning at home
- Treat sons and daughters equally regarding education
- Maintain regular communication with teachers
b. Do you think that there is
still discrimination between sons and daughters in terms of providing education
in our country? What strategies do you suggest to overcome such discrimination
against girls?
= Yes, discrimination
persists in many areas:
- Current Situation:
- Sons often prioritized for education when resources
are limited
- Early marriage still prevents girls from continuing
education
- Safety concerns for girls traveling to school
- Solutions:
- Community awareness programs
- Girls' scholarship programs
- Safe transportation systems
- Female teacher recruitment in rural areas
- Strict enforcement of laws against child marriage
c. A Chinese philosopher
Confucius said, “If your plan is for one year, plant rice; if your plan is for
ten years, plant trees; if your plan is for one hundred years, educate
children.” What is the meaning of this saying? Elaborate this with examples
= This proverb emphasizes education's long-term value:
- 1 Year Plan (Rice): Immediate needs (food)
- 10 Year Plan (Trees): Medium-term investments
- 100 Year Plan (Education): Societal transformation
Example:
- Singapore invested heavily in education since independence,
transforming from poor to developed nation
- Finland's education focus made it a global leader in innovation
Writing
a. Recall
your school days. Write in three paragraphs of an event that you always
remember
= One unforgettable event was our annual science fair. I worked
for weeks on a volcano model that actually erupted during my presentation. The
principal awarded me first prize, boosting my confidence in science. This
experience taught me the value of preparation and perseverance.
b. "Education empowers a
person". Elaborate this statement giving examples of your personal
experience.
= Education transformed my life in multiple ways:
- Learning English helped me access global knowledge
- Computer classes enabled me to start a small business
- Financial literacy education helped my family manage money
better
For example, my nutrition studies helped improve my family's
health choices.
Grammar
Word classes
A. Word class
refers to the category of words of similar form or function. Another name of
word class is a parts of speech. In the text below, certain words are
underlined. While you read, try to identify which word class they belong to.
Most governments
around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions in an
attempt to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These nationwide
closures are impacting over 60% of the world’s student population. Some 1
billion students and youth across the planet are affected by
school and university closures due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Several other
countries have implemented localized closures impacting millions of additional
learners. UNESCO is supporting countries in their efforts to mitigate the
immediate impact of school closures, particularly for more vulnerable and
disadvantaged communities, and to facilitate the continuity of education for
all through remote learning.
The Global Education Coalition
launched by UNESCO seeks to facilitate inclusive learning opportunities for
children and youth during this period of sudden and unprecedented educational
disruption. Investment in remote learning should both mitigate the
immediate disruption caused by COVID-19 and establish approaches to develop
more open and flexible education systems for the future. The Global Coalition
members and prospective members are encouraged to pledge for the protection of
learners’ personal information, privacy and security.
In the text, the
underlined words belong to different word classes or parts of speech.
governments - noun
temporarily - adverb
affected - verb
and - conjunction
in - preposition
immediate - adjective
the - determiner
B. Classify the underlined words
into different word classes.
a. The man who is wearing
glasses is my uncle’s friend.
= who -
relative pronoun
wearing - verb
my - possessive determiner
b. I bought a round table
in the supermarket.
= round -
adjective
the - definite article
c. Alas, she is dead.
= Alas -
interjection
dead - adjective
d. Hari works very hard
all the time but his wife is very lazy.
= very -
adverb
but - conjunction
e. I have never been
to Japan.
= never -
adverb
been - verb
C. Read a paragraph of an English
newspaper and make a list of about 20 words. Categorize them into different
‘Word classes’. You can refer to the grammar book for help.
1. government - noun
2. announced - verb
3. new - adjective
4. quickly - adverb
5. but - conjunction
6. during - preposition
7. the - article
8. crisis - noun
9. effective - adjective
10. immediately - adverb
Speaking
Expressing good wishes
We use certain pattern
to express good wishes.
A. Read this
conversation. Notice the expressions used to express good wishes and underline
them.
Ali: Hello Anju, are you
coming to Rita's house tonight?
Anju: No, I'm afraid. I
can't.
Ali: Why? Don't you want
to join us at the birthday party?
Anju: Of course, I would
love to. But I have a speech contest tomorrow. I have to prepare for that.
Ali: Ok, I understand! I
wish you all the best.
Anju: Thanks.
Ali: You're welcome,
Anju.
Pasang: Hello Lhakpa, I
didn't see you in school yesterday.
Lhakpa: That's because I
didn't come.
Pasang: Really? Why?
Lhakpa: I was sick. I
had a fever and my father took me to hospital to check whether I had dengue
fever or not.
Pasang: 1 am sorry to
hear that. And then? It's negative, isn't it?
Lhakpa: Yes, but I still
have cough.
Pasang: I wish you a
quick recovery. Get well soon.
Lhakpa: Thank you. I
hope so.
B. Work in pairs. Write
how you would express good wishes in these situations.
a. Your sister is taking an IELTS
test.
You: Hey, are you ready for your
IELTS test tomorrow?
Sister: Almost! I'm still a bit
nervous.
You: Don’t worry, I wish you the
best of luck! You’ve prepared so well.
Sister: Thank you! That means a lot.
b. One of your friends is attending
a job interview and you meet him/her in the street.
You: Hey Ramesh! All dressed
up—what’s the occasion?
Ramesh: I have a job interview in 30
minutes.
You: Oh wow! Good luck! I hope you
get the job.
Ramesh: Thanks! I really needed
that.
c. It's your friend's birthday.
You: Happy Birthday, Sita!
Sita: Thank you!
You: May your day be filled with
happiness and fun. I wish you a wonderful year ahead!
Sita: Aww, you're so sweet. Thanks
again!
d. Your friend is leaving for a
holiday abroad and you meet her at the airport.
You: Hey Alina! Just about to fly?
Alina: Yes! I'm so excited.
You: Have a safe flight and a
fantastic holiday! Enjoy every moment.
Alina: Thank you! I’ll send you
pictures!
Ali: You're welcome, Anju.
D. Say the contracted forms and
the full forms of the verbs correctly.
Notice that full forms have weak
forms of pronunciation.
I'm /aɪm/ feeling tired. I
am /aɪ əm/feeling tired.
He's /hiz/ watching TV. He is /hi ɪz/watching TV.
It’s /ɪts/ ready now. It is /ɪt ɪz/ready now.
She's lost the key. She has lost the key.
Janak's gone out. Janak has gone out.
We're working hard. We
are working hard.
I've composed a song. I have composed a song.
They'll come soon. They will come soon.
I'd like to have a cup of tea. I
would like to have a cup of tea.
Who's your favourite singer? Who
is your favourite singer?
Project Work
Visit a woman who is famous in
your community. Ask her questions how she was able to attend school and the
struggle she made for education. Prepare a poster of her life story and present
it in class
1. What challenges did
you face getting an education?
2. Who supported your
educational journey?
3. What kept you
motivated during difficult times?
4. How has education
changed your life?
5. What advice do you
have for girls today?
Poster Presentation
Tips:
- Use a timeline format
for her life story
- Include inspirational
quotes
- Add photos (with
permission)
- Highlight key
achievements
- Use bright colors and
clear fonts
Additional Speaking
Practice:
Try these expanded
contractions in sentences:
1. "We'll (we will)
be arriving at 8:00 if there's (there is) no traffic."
2. "They'd (they
would) love to come, but they've (they have) prior commitments."
3. "I'd (I had)
finished my work when you called, so I'm (I am) free now."
Remember that context determines
whether 'd represents "had" or "would":
- Past perfect:
"She'd (had) left before I arrived"
- Conditional:
"She'd (would) love to meet you"